一、元音字母的不自然拼讀

英語有二十六個字母，五個純元音字母（AEIOU），20個純輔音字母，一個半元音字母（Y）。一般來講元音字母在單詞中讀元音，輔音字母在單詞中讀輔音，理論上每個元音字母要有四種讀音才能滿足20個元音音素的讀音需要。我們把元音字母的四種讀音分別稱為：重開音、重閉音、非重音、協(xié)同音。元音字母在音節(jié)中的讀音一般規(guī)則可以歸納為下：

重開音是指元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)的讀音，元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)中一般讀字母本身的音或長音。重閉音是指元音字母在重讀閉音節(jié)中的讀音。非重音指的是元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)的讀音，元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)一般有[ ? ]與 [i]兩種讀音。協(xié)同音是指元音字母在單詞中的讀音受到前面或后字母影響的讀音。

二、元音字母在音節(jié)中的讀音歸納

1. 字母Ａ讀重開音

1）字母Ａ在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音[ei ]：

name [neim] grade [greid] eraser [ireis?] cake [keik] same [seim]table [teibl] late [leit] favourite [feiv?rit] face [feis] plane [plein] potato [p?teit?u] skate [skeit] make [meik] lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station [stei??n] tomato[t?meit?u] safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keid?] baby [beibi] paper [peip?] famous [feim?s] later [leit?] radio [reidi?u] patient [pei??nt]

2）字母Ａ在重讀開音節(jié)中讀長音[a:]:

banana [b?nɑ:n?] father [fɑ:e?] rather [rɑ:e?]

2.字母Ａ讀重閉音

字母Ａ在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀[?] ：

map [m?p] bag [b?g] apple [?pl] glad [gl?d] hat [h?t] black [bl?k] catch [k?t?] hamburger [h?mb?:g?] math [m?θ] rabbit [r?bit] bank [b??k] accident [?ksid?nt] happen [h?p?n] exam [igz?m] cabbage [k?bid?] fact [f?kt]

3.字母Ａ讀非重音

1）字母Ａ在非重讀音節(jié)讀[?]：

American [?merik?n] China [t?a?n?] capital [k?pit?l] husband [h?zb?nd] hospital [h?spit?l] vegetable [ved?it?bl] laboratory [l?b?r?t?ri] library [laibr?ri] about [?baut] agree [?gri:]

2) 字母Ａ在非重讀音節(jié)讀[i]：

orange [?:rind?] language [l??gwid?] manager [m?nid??] village [vilid?] temperature [temprit??] message [mesid?] cabbage [k?bid?] chocolate [t??k?lit]

４.字母Ａ讀協(xié)同音

１）字母A在W后讀[?]或[?:] ：

washroom [w??rum] watch [w?t?] water [w?:t?] wash [w??] was [w?z] Washington [w??i?t?n]

２）字母A在S/ n前讀[a:]：

class [klɑ:s] ask [ɑ:sk] past [pɑ:st] basket [bɑ:skit] glass [glɑ:s] pass [pɑ:s] France [frɑ:ns] dance [dɑ:ns] fast [fɑ:st] last [lɑ:st] grass [grɑ:s] headmaster [hedmɑ:st?]

３）字母A在L前讀[?:]：

ball [b?:l] wall [w?:l] small [sm?:l] tall [t?:l] all [?:l] talk [t?:k] call [k?:l] walk [w?:k] already [?:lredi] although [?:le?u] hall[h?:l] salt [s?:lt] false[f?:ls] almost[??:lm??st] also [??:ls??]

５.字母A讀音不規(guī)則音：

have [h?v] family [f?mili] many [meni] any [eni] animal [?nim?l] madam [m?d?m] manager [m?nid??]

元音字母Ｅ在音節(jié)中的讀音

1. 字母Ｅ讀重開音

１）字母Ｅ在重讀開音節(jié)讀字母音[i:]：

these [ei:z] we [wi:] evening [i:vni?] be [bi:] even [i:v?n] Chinese[t?aini:z] Japanese[,d??p?ni:z] she [?i:] he [hi:] me [mi:] metre [mi:t?]

2）字母E在重讀開音節(jié)讀[e]：

very [veri] America [?merik?n] vegetable [ved?it?bl] medicine [medisin] melon [mel?n] second [sek?nd] never [nev?] together [t?gee?] celebrate [selibreit] elephant [elif?nt]

２. 字母Ｅ讀重閉音

字母E在重讀閉音節(jié)讀[e]：

ten [ten] spell [spel] pen [pen] desk [desk] egg [eg] welcome [welk?m] let [let] address [?dres] dress [dres] next [nekst] leg [leg] empty [empti] rest [rest] letter [let?] better[bet?] left [left] tell [tel] remember [rimemb?] invent [invent] December [disemb?] wet [wet] message [mesid?]

3.字母Ｅ讀非重音

１）字母Ｅ在非重讀音節(jié)讀[i]:

college [k?lid?] toilet [t?ilit] chicken [t?ikin] harvest [hɑ:vist] forest [f?rist] pocket [p?kit]racket [r?kit] wallet [w?lit] knowledge [n?lid?]

2) 字母Ｅ在非重讀音節(jié)讀[?]:

science [sai?ns] hello [h?l??] open [?up?n] listen [lis?n] seven [sev?n] different [dif?r?nt] even [i:v?n]

4.字母Ｅ讀協(xié)同音

字母E在ri/ro前讀[i?]：

zero [zi?r?u] serious [si?ri?s] period [p??r??d] experience [?ksp??r??ns] series [s??ri?z]

元音字母Ｉ在音節(jié)中的讀音

1.字母I讀重開音

1）字母I在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音 [ai] ：

hi [hai] nine [nain] Chinese[t?aini:z] fine [fain] wife [waif] kite [kait] white [hwait] line [lain] mine [main] beside [bisaid] knife [naif] rice [rais] ice [ais] ride [raid] write [rait] price [prais] hike [haik] exciting [iksaiti?] lion [lai?n] tiger [taig?] quite [kwait] diary [dai?ri] science [sai?ns] invite [invait]

2）字母I重讀開音節(jié)中讀長音[i:]：

police [p?li:s] machine [m??i:n] policeman [p?li:sm?n] magazine [,m?g?zi:n]

2.字母Ｉ讀重閉音

字母I在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀[i] ：

six [siks] think [θi?k] picture [pikt??] twin [twin] with [wie] drink [dri?k] chips [t?ip] swim [swim] sing [si?] dinner [din?] dish [di?] trip [trip] winter [wint?] pick [pik] lift [lift] village [vilid?]

３.字母Ｉ讀非重音

１）字母Ｉ在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[i]:

family [f?mili] tennis [tenis] favorite [feiv?rit] America [?merik?] capital [k?pit?l] office [?fis] important [imp?:t?nt] animal [?nim?l]

2）字母Ｉ在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?]:

pencil [pens?l] cousin [k?z?n] festival [fest?v?l] holiday [?h?l?de?]

4.字母Ｉ讀協(xié)同音

字母I在gh前讀[ai] ：

right [rait] light [lait] bright [brait] flight [flait]

５.字母I讀音不規(guī)則音：

river [riv?] give [giv] city [siti] visit [vizit] finish [fini?] cinema [sinim?]digital [did?it?l] after [ɑ:ft?]

元音字母O在音節(jié)中的讀音

１.字母Ｏ讀重開音

1）字母O在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音[?u] ：

no [n?u] hello [h?l?u] home [h?um] those [e?uz] over [?uv?] phone [f?un] open [?up?n] so [s?u] nose [n?uz] broken [br?uk?n] close [kl?uz] smoke [sm?uk] October [?kt?ub?] hope [h?up] ago [?g?u] notice [n?utis]

2）字母O在重讀開音節(jié)中讀長音[u:] ：

who [hu:] do[du:] improve [?mpru?v] move [mu:v] lose [lu:z]

２.字母Ｏ讀重閉音

字母O在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀[?] ：

not [n?t] clock [kl?k] doctor [d?kt?] lock [l?k] from [fr?m] shop [??p] hot [h?t] hospital [h?spitl] job [d??b] hobby [h?bi] problem [pr?bl?m] dollar[d?l?] college [k?lid?] dolphin [d?lfin] soccer [s?k?] rock [r?k] concert [k?ns?t] song [s??] pocket [p?kit] lost [l?st]

３.字母Ｏ讀非重音

字母Ｉ在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?]:

together[t??gee?] today [t?dei] welcome [welk?m] police [p?li:s] carrot [k?r?t] history [hist?ri] lesson [les?n] lion [lai?n]

４.字母Ｏ讀協(xié)同音

字母O在th/ ve/ n/m前讀[?] ：

mother [m?e?] brother [br?e?] love [l?v] some [s?m] money [m?ni] glove [gl?v] other [?e?] Monday [m?ndei] another[?n?e?] nothing [n?θi?] monkey [m??ki] front [fr?nt] month [m?nθ]

５.字母O讀不規(guī)則音：

colour [k?l?] body [b?di] woman [wum?n] popular [p?pjul?] post [p?ust] most[m?ust] both [b?uθ]

字母U在音節(jié)中的讀音

１.字母Ｕ讀重開音

1）字母U在重讀開音節(jié)中讀字母音[j u:] ：

computer[k?mpju:t?] excuse [ikskju:z] student [stju:d?nt] use [ju:z] music [mju:zik] usually [ju:?u?li] refuse [rifju:z] human [hju:m?n] produce [pr?dju:s] scuba [skju:b?] pupil [pju:pl] universe [ju:niv?:s] huge [hju:d?] duty [dju:ti]

2）字母U在重讀開音節(jié)中讀長音[u:] ：

ruler [ru:l?] true [tru:] July [d?u:lai] June [d?u:n] pollute [p?lu:t] rule [ru:l]

２.字母U讀重閉音

字母Ｕ在重讀閉音節(jié)中讀[?] ：

number [n?mb?] cup [k?p] bus [b?s] much [m?t?] us [?s] husband [h?zb?nd] uncle [??kl] must [m?st] lunch [l?nt?] hundred [h?ndr?d] hungry [h??gri] jump [d??mp] run [r?n] fun

３.字母Ｕ讀非重音

1)字母Ｕ在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[?]:

upon [?p?n] stadium[steidi?m] minus[main?s] success [s?kses]Augest [??:g?st] autumn[??:t?m] support[s??p?:t]supply [s??pla?] suppose [s??p??z] success [s?k?ses]

2)字母Ｕ在非重讀音節(jié)中讀[i]:

minute [minit]

４.字母Ｕ讀協(xié)同音

字母 U在q/g后讀[w] ：

question [kwest??n] quickly [kwikli] language [l??gwid?] quiet [kwai?t] quarrel [kw?r?l] penguin [pe?gwin]

５.字母U讀不規(guī)則音：

study [st?di] busy [bizi] business [biznis]put [put] full [ful] push [pu?] pull [pul]

三、輔字母的不自然拼讀

英語純輔音字母有20個，字母Y位于音節(jié)音首為輔音，輔音音素28個，相對于元音字母輔音字母的讀音比較對稱。大多數(shù)輔音字母在單詞中讀字母音的節(jié)首音或韻尾音，少數(shù)輔音字母對應多個讀音，也有個別輔音字母不發(fā)音。輔音字母在單詞中的讀音如下表：

四、在音節(jié)中有多種讀音的輔音字母讀音歸納

１.字母Ｃ的讀音規(guī)則

1）字母C在E、I、Y讀[s] ：

nice [nais] certainly [s?:t?nli] rice [rais] price [prais] cent [sent] century [sent?uri] celebrate [selibreit] concert [k?ns?t] necessary [?nes?s?ri] recently [?ri:sntli]success [s?k?ses] city [siti] medicine [medisin] exciting [iksaiti?] cinema [sinim?] decide [disaid]circle [s?:kl]cycle [?sa?kl] exercise [eks?sa?z]

2）. 字母C在ie、io、ia前讀[?]：

delicious [dili??s] especially [ispe??li] appreciate [??pri:?ie?t] precious [?pre??s] social[?s???l] associate [??s???ie?t] ocean [????n] official[??f??l] ancient [?e?n??nt] special [spe??l]

2.字母N的讀音

字母N在K或G前讀[?]：

think [θi?k] thanks [θ??ks] thing [θi?] long [l??] strong [str??] singer [si??] song [s??] ring [ri?] finger [fi?g?] sink [si?k] pink [pi?k]

3.字母S的讀音

1）字母S讀輕音[s]：

six [siks] plus [pl?s] minus [main?s] spell [spel] secret [si:krit] desk [desk] bus [b?s] sorry [s?ri] ] seven [sevn] sister [sist?] same [seim] sit [sit] see [si:] address [?dres] guess [ges] must [m?st] sky [skai] dress [dres] past [pɑ:st]

2) 字母S讀濁音[z]：

is [iz] please [pli:z] blouse [blauz]Chinese[t?aini:z] his [hiz] excuse [ikskju:z] these [ei:z] husband [h?zb?nd] cousin [k?z?n] cheese [t?i:z] because [bik?z] busy [bizi] eraser [??re?z?(r)] rise[raiz] rose [r??z] easy [?i:zi]

3）.字母S在u、 ure、 ia、 iao前讀[?]、[?]：

sure [?u?] Russian [r???n] sugar [?ug?] discussion [d??sk??n] pleasure [ple??] television [telivi??n] usually [?ju:?u?li] decision [d??s??n]

4.字母T的讀音

1）字母T在ia、 ie、 io前讀[?]：

station [stei??n] patient [pei??nt] question [kwest??n] mention [men??n] information invitation [??nv??te??n] education [?ed?u?ke??n]direction [d??rek?n]

2）字母T在前ure讀[t?]：

picture [pikt??] century [sent?uri] temperature [temprit??] future [fju:t??]

5.字母X的讀音

1）字母X讀清音[ks]：

excuse[?k?skju:s] exchange[?ks?t?e?nd?] except[?k?sept] experience [?k?sp??ri?ns] experiment [?k?sper?m?nt] explain [?k?sple?n] expensive[?k?spens?v] extraordinary [?k?str?:dnri]

2）字母X讀濁音[gz]：

exact [?g?z?kt] exam[?g?z?m] example [?g?a:mpl] exist [?g?z?st] exhaust [?g?z?:st] executive [?g?zekj?t?v]

6.字母Y的讀音

1) 字母Ｙ在節(jié)首讀[j]：

yes [jes] yellow [jel?u] year [ ji?] young [j??] your [j?:(r)] yard [jɑ:d]

2)字母Ｙ在重讀音節(jié)核心讀[ai]:

my [mai] bye [bai] eye [ai]why [wa?] buy [bai]by[bai] type [ta?p]

3) 字母Ｙ在非重讀音節(jié)核心讀[i]：

twenty [twenti] very [veri] really [ri?li] many [meni] any [eni] library [laibr?ri] candy [k?ndi] healthy [helθi]