給大家科普一下世界杯小球是幾個(gè)球(2022已更新(今日/知乎)
我的建議是對(duì)著規(guī)則一條一條來(lái)讀，雖然這個(gè)過(guò)程十分枯燥和無(wú)聊。免得和大多數(shù)人一樣思維慣性似的得到那種像姆巴佩那個(gè)進(jìn)球一樣的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知。逐條來(lái)看。從英足總抓下來(lái)的的東西：
如果英文水平有限，也可以參考這個(gè)香港足球總會(huì)的翻譯件：
首先講個(gè)東西叫做越位位置，這個(gè)東西是弄明白越位為什么是越位的基礎(chǔ)。因?yàn)槿绻麤](méi)有人處在越位位置，越位這種犯規(guī)行為就不會(huì)存在。下面就對(duì)照原文逐條解釋?zhuān)?/p>
越位位置
It is not an offence to be in an offside position.
開(kāi)宗明義第一條，處在越位位置并不構(gòu)成犯規(guī)（也就是越位）。
A player is in an offside position if:
后面下定義，什么叫處在越位位置？
一個(gè)球員只要符合下列的一條就屬于處在越位位置：
any part of the head, body or feet is in the opponents’ half (excluding the halfway line) andany part of the head, body or feet is nearer to the opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent（一個(gè)本方隊(duì)友的）頭、身體、腳的任意一部分處在對(duì)方半場(chǎng)（包括中場(chǎng)線(xiàn)）并且這個(gè)部分比球和倒數(shù)第二個(gè)對(duì)方隊(duì)員更靠近得分線(xiàn)
The hands and arms of all players, including the goalkeepers, are not considered. For the purposes of determining offside, the upper boundary of the arm is in line with the bottom of the armpit.
所有隊(duì)友的手和手臂，包括守門(mén)員的，都不考慮在內(nèi)。為了（準(zhǔn)確）判定越位，手臂的上邊界只算到腋窩底部。
A player is not in an offside position if level with the:
second-last opponent orlast two opponents當(dāng)一個(gè)隊(duì)員與倒數(shù)第二名對(duì)方隊(duì)員
或者
最后兩名對(duì)方隊(duì)員
平齊時(shí)，沒(méi)有在越位位置上
A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or touched* by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in active play by:
interfering with play by playing or touching a ball passed or touched by a team-mate or interfering with an opponent by:
一個(gè)處在越位位置上的隊(duì)員只有當(dāng)主動(dòng)控制被隊(duì)友傳過(guò)來(lái)或者碰過(guò)的球
或者 試圖做出以下行為
才會(huì)被吹罰越位犯規(guī)
preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent’s line of vision orchallenging an opponent for the ball orclearly attempting to play a ball which is close when this action impacts on an opponent ormaking an obvious action which clearly impacts on the ability of an opponent to play the ball明顯通過(guò)阻擋對(duì)手的視線(xiàn)來(lái)阻止對(duì)方控球或者對(duì)方能夠控制的球同對(duì)手搶奪球明顯嘗試去控制近距離的球而這個(gè)動(dòng)作影響到對(duì)手時(shí)明顯動(dòng)作直接影響了對(duì)手控球的能力or
gaining an advantage by playing the ball or interfering with an opponent when it has:rebounded or been deflected off the goalpost, crossbar or an opponentbeen deliberately saved by any opponent利用這種優(yōu)勢(shì)（指身處越位位置）去干擾對(duì)手或者控制球：
從門(mén)柱、橫梁或者對(duì)手反彈回來(lái)的球能夠被任何對(duì)手救下來(lái)的球A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent who deliberately plays the ball, including by deliberate handball, is not considered to have gained an advantage, unless it was a deliberate save by any opponent.
一個(gè)身處越位位置的隊(duì)員接到對(duì)手蓄意動(dòng)作后的球，包括故意手球，都不應(yīng)該被視為利用優(yōu)勢(shì)，除非這是任意對(duì)手的救球。
A ‘save’ is when a player stops, or attempts to stop, a ball which is going into or very close to the goal with any part of the body except the hands/arms (unless the goalkeeper within the penalty area).
救球是指一個(gè)球員用手或手臂之外的部分阻止或者想要阻止一個(gè)得分或者一個(gè)非?？赡艿牡梅郑ㄊ亻T(mén)員在禁區(qū)內(nèi)當(dāng)然可以用手或手臂）
In situations where:
這些情況例外
a player moving from, or standing in, an offside position is in the way of an opponent and interferes with the movement of the opponent towards the ball this is an offside offence if it impacts on the ability of the opponent to play or challenge for the ball; if the player moves into the way of an opponent and impedes the opponents progress (e.g blocks the opponent) the offence should be penalised under Law 12一個(gè)處在越位位置的球員，如果在越位位置或者因?yàn)殡x開(kāi)越位位置的動(dòng)作影響了對(duì)手控制球，則判罰越位犯規(guī)；如果球員影響了對(duì)方向球的正常動(dòng)作，或者站在向球的路線(xiàn)上，那要根據(jù)12章的規(guī)定來(lái)判罰
a player in an offside position is moving towards the ball with the intention of playing the ball and is fouled before playing or attempting to play the ball, or challenging an opponent for the ball, the foul is penalised as it has occurred before the offside offence一個(gè)處在越位位置的球員在奔向球試圖控制球或者控制球的時(shí)候被對(duì)方侵犯的時(shí)候，要先被判罰該犯規(guī)（譯者補(bǔ)：因?yàn)樵轿话l(fā)生在對(duì)方侵犯之后）
an offence is committed against a player in an offside position who is already playing or attempting to play the ball, or challenging an opponent for the ball, the offside offence is penalised as it has occurred before the foul challenge一個(gè)處在越位位置的球員在控制球或者試圖控制球之后被對(duì)方犯規(guī)，則需要先判罰越位犯規(guī)。
*The first point of contact of the play or touch of the ball should be used
首先要明確對(duì)球的控制或者接觸
No offence
There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from:
a goal kicka throw-ina corner kick這些情況下沒(méi)有越位：
球門(mén)球界外球角球Offences and sanctions
If an offside offence occurs, the referee awards an indirect free kick where the offence occurred, including if it is in the player’s own half of the field of play.
當(dāng)一個(gè)越位犯規(guī)被判罰后，裁判應(yīng)該判罰一個(gè)間接任意球
在越位發(fā)生地，包括在犯規(guī)球員的半場(chǎng)內(nèi)
A defending player who leaves the field of play without the referee’s permission shall be considered to be on the goal line or touchline for the purposes of offside until the next stoppage in play or until the defending team has played the ball towards the halfway line and it is outside its penalty area. If the player left the field of play deliberately, the player must be cautioned when the ball is next out of play.一個(gè)防守球員在未經(jīng)裁判允許的情況下離開(kāi)球場(chǎng)，他應(yīng)該被認(rèn)定為在球門(mén)線(xiàn)上，直到下一個(gè)比賽暫?；蛘呤胤綄⑶虮惶呦蛑袌?chǎng)線(xiàn)而球離開(kāi)大禁區(qū)
之后。如果這名球員蓄意離開(kāi)（指因?yàn)檫@個(gè)動(dòng)作而獲得利益），這個(gè)球員會(huì)被出示黃牌。（譯者補(bǔ)：攻方也一樣的）
An attacking playermay step or stay off the field of play not to be involved in active play. If the player re-enters from the goal line and becomes involved in play before the next stoppage in play, or the defending team has played the ball towards the halfway line and it is outside its penalty area, the player shall be considered to be positioned on the goal line for the purposes of offside. A player who deliberately leaves the field of play and re-enters without the referee’s permission and is not penalised for offside and gains an advantage, must be cautioned.
If an attacking player remains stationary between the goalposts and inside the goal as the ball enters the goal, a goal must be awarded unless the player commits an offside offence or Law 12 offence in which case play is restarted with an indirect or direct free kick.如果一個(gè)進(jìn)攻球員在得分時(shí)，在球門(mén)柱和球網(wǎng)之內(nèi)保持不動(dòng)。該得分應(yīng)被判罰有效，除非這個(gè)球員觸犯了越位犯規(guī)和12章規(guī)定的犯規(guī)的規(guī)定。這種情況（指觸犯犯規(guī)）應(yīng)該給守方一個(gè)間接任意球。
掃描二維碼推送至手機(jī)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。
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