1）單獨的不定式、動名詞以及從句作主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)

例句：Schooling is a specific,formalized process.

學校教育是一種具體的、正規(guī)化的過程。

例句：To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die.

死后仍活在人們心中的人，雖死猶生。

例句：What the world really needs is more love and less paper work.

這個世界真正需要的是多一點愛心，少一些表面工作。

如果多個非謂語動詞連在一起表達同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表達不同概念，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

例句：To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.

早睡早起是好習慣。

例句：To work and to live are two different things but they are always together.

工作和說是兩件不同的事情，但它們永遠相伴。

2）不定代詞one、every、each、everybody、everyone、one of、no one、nothing、nobody、someone、somebody、either、neither、many a等作主語或修飾主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)

例句：Many astudent takes a walk on campus after dinner.

許多學生晚飯后常在校園里散步。

例句：Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra curriculum activities.

所有的男孩和女孩對課外活動都表現(xiàn)出很大的興趣。

3）表示國家、機構(gòu)、事件、作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)

例句：One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious folklore.

《一千零一夜》給人們講了許多的神秘的民間傳說。

例句：The United States attracts many brilliant young men all over the world every year.

美國每年吸引許多來自世界各地的優(yōu)秀青年。

例句：The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs.

聯(lián)合國在國際事務(wù)中起著重要作用。

4）a portion of、a series of、a kind of、the number of等與名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語作主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)

例句：A whole series of accidents has happened on this stretch of road recently.

近來這個路段發(fā)生了一連串事故。

例句：The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.

近來一些書籍里印刷錯誤之多讓人吃驚得要死。

例句：Asubstantial portion of the reports is missing.

這些報告都沒有涉及問題的實質(zhì)。

例句：A kind of herb in the forest smells very pleasant.

這片森林里有一種藥草香氣宜人。

5）由some、several、both、few、many、a number of等詞修飾可數(shù)名詞作主語，或是由它們自身表示可數(shù)名詞作主語時應(yīng)看作復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。另外，由and連接兩個主語時，謂語一般用復數(shù)，但如果兩個并列的單數(shù)主語在意義上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念，動詞須用單數(shù)

例句：On the seashore,some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun.

在海邊，有些人在打排球，有些人躺著曬太陽。

例句：Both of us like Shakespeare s works very much.

我們倆都很喜歡莎士比亞的作品。

例句：A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China.

許多即將畢業(yè)的學生志愿去中國西部工作。

例句：Truth and honesty is the best policy.

真誠為上策。

例句：A smile and handshake show welcome.

微笑和握手表示歡迎。

例句：Bread and butter is healthful good.

涂油黃油的面包是一種有益于健康的食物。

例句：The poet and writer has produced many books.

這個是人兼作家寫出了很多作品。

And所連接的表示同一概念的短語有：

A horse and cart 馬車

A knife and fork 刀叉

A cup and saucer 茶盤

A watch and chain 手表

Bread and butter 涂有黃油的面包

The poet and the writer則表示“詩人和作家”兩個人，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；而“the poet and writer”則表示“詩人兼作家”，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

6）a lot of、most of、any of、half of、three fifths of、eighty percent of、some of、none of、the rest of、all of等后接不可數(shù)名詞或是單數(shù)形式的名詞作主語時應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；但如果后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式作主語時應(yīng)看作復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)

例句：A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off.

昨天突然斷電時，那家商店被偷了許多錢。

例句：Some of books about investment fund have been published recently.

最近出版了許多關(guān)于投資基金的書籍。

例句：Many people present at the meeting were from the US,many from the UK and the rest were from China.

出席這次會議的很多人來自美國和英國，其他的來自中國。

例句：A friend walks in when the rest of the world walks out.

別人都走開的時候，朋友仍與你在一起。

例句：The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.

講座的前半部分很生動，剩下的部分卻非?？菰铩?/p>

例句：Part of his story was not true.

他的故事有一部分不是真的。

例句：Part of the foreign teachers in our school are from Canada.

我們學校的部分外教來自加拿大。

7）以-s結(jié)尾的海峽、山脈、群島等作主語時，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式

例句：The straits of Gibraltar haven t lost their strategical importance.

直布羅陀海峽尚未喪失其戰(zhàn)略上的重要地位。

例句：The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China.

喜馬拉雅山脈沿中印邊境延伸。

8）量詞修飾由對應(yīng)兩部分組成的名詞

①一些由兩個部分組成一體的復數(shù)名詞，如trousers、pants、glasses、scissors等作主語時，前面若無a pair of、a suit of、a set of、a series of等這類的單位詞，通常用作復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。若帶有單位詞，則由單位詞的單復數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式。

例句：This pair of shoes is very expensive.

這雙鞋很貴。

例句：My blue trousers have worn out.

我的藍褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。

例句：The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhou-made.

這兩把剪刀都是杭州制造的。

例句：Two pieces of good news have been published in today s evening paper.

今天的晚報報道了兩條好消息。

②特殊量詞修飾普通名詞

含有pile、mountain、row、mass、cup、basket、box、pack、packet、parcel等詞修飾的短語作主語，謂語動詞根據(jù)修飾語的單復數(shù)形式而定。

例句：Piles of rubbish have not only blocked the way,but polluted the air as well.

成堆的垃圾不僅擋住了人的路，而且污染了空氣。

例句：A row of willows is lined on one side of the river.

一排柳樹長在河的一岸。

例句：Masses of work are to be done to welcome the New Year.

為了迎接新年，我們還有很多工作要做。

例句：A packet of letters needs mailing.

一包信需要寄出。

9）such作主語時謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式應(yīng)該根據(jù)其意義而定

例句：Such is Stephen Hawing,who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.

這就是史蒂芬·霍金，遭受著巨大痛苦但取得巨大成就的人。

例句：Such are the moral dilemmas that we are now faced with.

這就是我們現(xiàn)在所面臨的道德困境。

例句：Such as have plenty of money want more money.

那些有許多錢的人還想要更多的錢。

10）以-ics結(jié)尾的學科名稱作主語

以-ics結(jié)尾的表示學科名稱的名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。

例句：Mathematics is the science of numbers.

數(shù)學是數(shù)字的科學。

例句：Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.

政治常常是我們討論的話題。

例句：Physics is one of the hardest subjects for a middle school student.

物理是中學生感到最難的科目之一。

以-ics結(jié)尾的表示學科名稱的名詞作主語時，若改變詞義表示學科能力時，則用復數(shù)形式。

例句：Her mathematics are weak.

她的數(shù)學很差。

11）表示數(shù)量、價格、時間、長度的復數(shù)名詞等作主語

表示時間、距離、金額、重量等的復數(shù)名詞作主語，通?？醋髡w，謂語用單數(shù)。

例句：Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee.

兩個小時喝杯咖啡的時間足夠長了。

例句：Two pounds was missing from the till.

錢柜里的錢丟了十鎊。

例句：Seven hundred miles is a long distance.

七百英里是一段很長的距離。

12）有些以-sh、-ese、-ch結(jié)尾的表示國家、民族的形容詞與the連用時表示復數(shù)含義，謂語動詞用復數(shù)

例句：The French are fond of champagne.

法國人喜歡香檳酒。

例句：The English like to be with their families at Christmas.

英國人喜歡在圣誕節(jié)與家人團聚。

例句：The Chinese area hard-working people.

中華民族是一個勤勞的民族。

13）a quality (of)、(large) quantities (of)作主語或其修飾的名詞作主語，其謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)quantity的單復數(shù)形式而定

例句：Quantities of money are needed to equip the laboratory.

實驗室安裝設(shè)備需要很多錢。

例句：A quantity of Christmas gifts has been bought for the children.

我們?yōu)閮和I了大量的圣誕禮物。

14）兩數(shù)相加、相乘，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復數(shù)形式；兩數(shù)相減、相除，此時謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式

例句：Ten and five is/are/makes/make/equal/equals/is equal to/are equal to fifteen.

10加5等于15.

例句：Five times eight is/are/makes/make/equal/equals/is equal to/are equal to forty.

5乘以8等于40。

例句：10 minus 5 is/leaves/makes/equals/is equal to 5.

10減去5等于5。

例句：Twelve divided by 4 is/makes/equals/is equal to 3.

12除以4等于3。

15）“more than one+單數(shù)名詞”盡管意義上是復數(shù)，但因中心詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語也須用單數(shù)以符合語法上一致的原則。在“more+復數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語常用復數(shù)

例句：More than one person was injured in the accident.

不止一人在這起事故中受傷。

例句：More than one way has been tried to stop noise pollution.

已經(jīng)試過了很多制止噪音污染的方法。

例句：More members than one are against the proposal.

反對這項提議的會員不止一個。

16）定語從句中的謂語一致

①依先行詞而定

定語從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)視先行詞的單復數(shù)而定，先行詞是單數(shù)，定語從句中的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式；先行詞是復數(shù)形式，定語從句中的謂語動詞也用復數(shù)形式。

例句：Those (people)who are for this plan are to sign your names right on this paper.

同意這個計劃的在這張紙上簽名。

例句：I will always treasure the moments that werefull of pleasures.

我將永遠珍惜充滿快樂的時光。

例句：The news that has been published in today s newspaper isn t true.

今天報紙上發(fā)布的新聞不是真的。

②“one of+復數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后的定語從句

One of+復數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+謂語動詞復數(shù)形式；the (only) one of+復數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+謂語動詞單數(shù)形式。

例句：Jeff is one of the journalists who were awarded.

杰夫是當時受嘉獎的新聞記者之一。

（本句的先行詞是the journalists，即所修飾的中心詞為the journalists，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)the journalists而定。）

Jeff is the only one of the journalists who was awarded.

杰夫是唯一受嘉獎的新聞記者。

（本句的中心詞移到了the only one，因此定語從句的謂語動詞需根據(jù)the only one而定。）