②判斷（問題）③分析

diagnosis [?dai?ɡ?n?usis] n. ①診斷

②調(diào)查分析

diagram [?dai?ɡr?m] n. 圖表；圖解

dial [?dai(?)l] n. ①刻度盤；鐘面；撥號盤②（收音機的）調(diào)諧度盤v. 撥電話

dialect [?dai?lekt] n. 方言，土語

dialog(ue) [?dai?l?ɡ] n. 對話，對白

diameter [dai??mit?(r)] n. 直徑

diamond [?dai?m?nd] n. ①鉆石，金剛石；菱形②鉆石飾物③（紙牌的）紅方塊

【習(xí)慣用語】①a rough diamond [a diamond in the rough] 天然金剛石；言行粗暴而心地善良的人；［美俚］初露光芒的設(shè)想②Irish diamond 水晶③diamond cut diamond 以強制強；棋逢對手

diary [?dai?ri] n. 日記；日記本

dictate [?dikteit] v. ①口述，使聽寫

②命令

③要求

The director______the letter to his secretary, who wrote it down in shorthand.

A. dictated

B. granted

C. authorized

D. drafted

【答案】A. dictate vt. 口授，口述，自己說讓別人寫下來（如The teacher dictated a passage to the class.）。grant vt. 授予，同意，準予（如The government granted them permission to leave the country/will grant land to anyone willing to farm it. He requested that the Premier grant him an interview.）。authorize vt. 授權(quán)，批準（to authorize sb to＋動詞原形；authorize the＋（源自及物動詞的同根）名詞，如authorize the construction of a new railway）。draft vt. 起草，草擬。

dictation [dik?tei?(?)n] n. 聽寫，口授筆錄

dictator [dik?teit?(r)] n. ①獨裁者

②口述者

dictionary [?dik??n?ri;(US)?dik??neri] n. ①詞典，字典②雙語詞典；雙語字典a German-English dictionary 德英詞典③專業(yè)字典；專業(yè)詞典

【習(xí)慣用語】①consult a dictionary 查字典②have swallowed the [a] dictionary［口］愛使用深奧的字眼

He began his diet a week ago. 他在一星期前開始節(jié)食。

People who are on a diet mustnt have chocolate. 正在節(jié)食的人不能吃巧克力。

【詞義辨析】differ, dissent和vary

differ：意為“（意見）不同、相異”，著重表示種類、性質(zhì)、意見上的差異，但本身不能表明分歧的范圍或程度。agree to differ保留不同意見。dissent：意為“持有異議，不同意”，表示人與人之間或團體之間意見出現(xiàn)分歧，甚至對立，也可指反對或拒絕所建議或提供的東西。vary：意為“變化，不同”，側(cè)重于表示顯而易見的差異，也可表示差別的范圍。常用在論述中，說明所討論的事物或人在論點、方法或程度上的不同。

differentiate [?dif??ren?ieit] vi. （between）區(qū)分，區(qū)別vt. ①區(qū)分，區(qū)別②使不同，使有差異

diffuse [di?fju?s] a. ①滲出，擴散

digest [?did?est,?daid?est] vt. 消化（食物）；領(lǐng)會

n. 摘要，文摘

Do not give the baby meat to eat, because he cannot______it.

A. absorb

B. swallow

C. digest

D. draw

【答案】C. digest vt. 消化；吸收（知識）（如We digest our food. He read rapidly but did not digest anything.）。absorb vt. 吸收；吸引……的注意，使全神貫注于。swallow vt. 吞，咽（食物）。draw vt. 拖，拉；拔出，取出。

dignity [?diɡniti] n. 威嚴，尊嚴

dilute [dai?lju?t] v./a. 沖淡（的），稀釋（的），變?nèi)酰ǖ模╳eaken, reduce, thin, cut, water down）

dim [dim] a. ①微暗的②模糊不清的v. （使）變暗淡

In the______light I could see the outlines of the beacon towers.

A. vague

B. dim

C. indistinct

D. ambiguous

【答案】B. dim a. （光線）昏暗的；（印象、形象、視覺等）朦朧的，模糊不清的（in the dim light; a dim shape/outline/sound/suspicion; dim sight/memories）。vague a.（印象、形象、思想、感覺、話語等）含糊的，不明確的，模糊的。indistinct a. （聲音、形象、記憶等）不清楚的，模糊的。ambiguous a. 含糊不清的，不明確的；引起歧義的，模棱兩可的。

dimension [di?men?(?)n] n. ①尺寸，長（寬、厚、高）度

②維（數(shù)）③（pl.）容積，面積，大小

The______of this difficulty have only recently been recognized.

A. extents

B. magnitudes

C. dimensions

D. severities

【答案】C. dimension n. 尺寸，長，寬，高，厚，深；（pl.）大小，程度（如What are the dimensions of the room? No one realized the dimensions of his problem.）。extent n. 長度，寬度，廣度；范圍，程度。magnitude n. 巨大，重要；量值，強度。severity n. （或用復(fù)數(shù)）嚴厲，嚴酷，嚴峻。

diminish [di?mini?] a. 減少，縮小

v. 節(jié)制，限制

Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. 此外，人與人之間的差別以及自然選擇利用這種來發(fā)揮作用的機會都已經(jīng)大大減少了。

dine [dain] vi. ①吃飯，進餐②宴請

In China, a traditional big square table usually dines eight persons. 在中國一張傳統(tǒng)的八仙桌通?？扇?人就餐。

【習(xí)慣用語】①dine and wine sb 款待某人吃喝；設(shè)宴招待②dine forth帶食物在外用餐③dine in在家吃飯

dinner [?din?(r)] n. 正餐；晚宴

①After dinner, mustard．［諺］飯后上芥末；雨后送傘。②basket dinner [lunch, picnic] 用籃子裝的野餐③boiled dinner［美］青菜燒肉

dip [dip] vt. 浸，泡

vi. ①浸②沉落③瀏覽

I havent read that book properly Ive only______into it.

A. glanced

B. peeped

C. looked

D. dipped

【答案】D. dip into瀏覽，隨便翻閱（沒有認真研讀），稍加研究（如Ive been dipping into ancient history. Some books are intended to be read at length, others to be dipped into.）。glance (at) vi. 看一眼，掃視。peep (at/through) vi. 偷偷地看；窺視。look into調(diào)查，了解；觀察，研究。

diploma [di?pl?um?] n. ①畢業(yè)證書，學(xué)位證書②執(zhí)照

diplomat [?dipl?m?t] n. ①外交官

②善交際者

diplomatic [?dipl??m?tik] a. ①外交的

②有手段的，有策略的

③機智的

dire [?dai?(r)] a. 可怕的

direct [di?rekt,dai?rekt] a. ①徑直的，直接的

②直達的；直接到的

③率直的；耿直的；坦率的；直截了當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

v. 指向；指導(dǎo)，管理

①direct at [against]把……對準②direct to [towards] 把（注意力、精力）貫注在……上；指引方向，把……的方向［地點］指給（某人）；把……指向［針對］；寫收件人姓名和地址，把……寄給（某人）

direction [di?rek?(?)n,dai?rek?(?)n] n. 方向，指導(dǎo)，趨勢，（常pl.）指示，用法，說明（書），收件人地址

directly [di?rektli] ad. 直接地，立即

director [di?rekt?(r)] n. 主任，主管，導(dǎo)演，（機關(guān)）首長，（團體）理事，（公司）董事，指揮儀，控制器

directory [di?rekt?ri] n. 姓名地址錄，目錄

dirt [d??t] n. ①塵，土；污物

②下流話；黃色刊物；色情文章；誹謗；風(fēng)涼話；不義之財

dirty [?d??ti] a. 骯臟的；下流的

①do the dirty on sb用卑劣的手段對待某人②give sb a dirty look 瞪某人一眼

disappoint [?dis??p?int] vt. ①使失望，使掃興

②使希望落空；使計劃受挫

【試題精練】I promised to buy my son a new bicycle but I had to______him.

A. displease

B. dissatisfy

C. disappoint

D. disgust

【答案】C. disappoint vt. 使失望。displease vt. 使不高興。dissatisfy vt. 使不滿足。disgust vt. 使厭惡。

disappointment [?dis??pointm?nt] n. 失望

【習(xí)慣用語】to ones disappointment令某人失望的是

disaster [di?zɑ?st?(r);(US)diz??st?] n. 災(zāi)難；天災(zāi)

①court [invite] disaster惹禍②walk with disaster與災(zāi)禍打交道，招致災(zāi)難

The fire was the worst______ever to hit the town.

A. event

B. incident

C. hazard

D. disaster

【答案】D. disaster n. （自然的）災(zāi)難，大禍。event n. 事件，大事；（體育）比賽項目。incident n. 事件，事變；發(fā)生的事。hazard n. 公害；危險。

disastrous [di?zɑ?str?us] a. ①災(zāi)難性的，造成災(zāi)害的②極壞的，很糟的

disc [disk] n. ①圓盤，唱片，磁盤

②［解］椎間盤

discard [di?skɑ?d] vt. ①放棄，拋棄

②解雇

discern [di?s??n]v. ①辨別，識別

②認出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，認識

discharge [?dist?ɑ?d?] vt. 放出；排出；發(fā)射

The factory______its waste into the river.

A. discharges

B. flows

C. disposes

D. disperses

【答案】A. discharge vt. 排出，放出；允許離開，釋放（如The chimney discharges smoke. Some towns discharge rubbish into the sea. They discharged him from prison. The servant was discharged for being dishonest.）。flow vi. 流，流動。dispose (of)v. 安排，處理；丟掉，銷毀。disperse v. （使）分散，（使）消散；散開；驅(qū)散。

discipline [?disiplin] n. 紀律；訓(xùn)練；學(xué)科

Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves．人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法論，主要是因為史學(xué)界內(nèi)部意見不一，其次是因為外界并不認為歷史是一門學(xué)問。

【試題精練】You ought to______that rude boy for his bad behavior.

A. educate

B. discipline

C. control

D. teach

【答案】B. discipline vt. 處分，懲罰；訓(xùn)練，訓(xùn)導(dǎo)（如He disciplined his students by keeping them after school. He disciplined the new soldiers.）。educate vt. 教育，培養(yǎng)，訓(xùn)練。control vt. 控制，支配；克制，抑制。teach vt. 教，教授，教導(dǎo)。

disclose [dis?kl?uz] v. 揭示，泄露

disco＝discotheque [?disk?u] n. 迪斯科舞廳

discount [?diskaunt] n. 折扣

discourage [dis?k?rid?] vt. ①使失去勇氣，使泄氣

②試圖阻止；阻攔；勸阻

The school teachers discourage smoking．學(xué)校老師不贊成吸煙。

【習(xí)慣用語】discourage from阻止［妨礙，不鼓勵］做……，使失信心

High interest rates______people from borrowing money from the bank.

A. discourage

B. dissuade

C. distract

D. disturb

【答案】A. discourage (from) vt. 使泄氣，使灰心，使卻步，使不敢做（句型：discourage sb；discourage sb from sth/from＋動詞ing形式）。dissuade（from＋動詞ing形式）vt. 勸止，說服使不做。distract (from) vt. 轉(zhuǎn)移（注意力），分散（思想），使分心。disturb vt. 弄亂；擾亂；打擾，使不安。

discourse [?disk??s] n. ①講話，演說，論述②對話

discreet [di?skri?t] a. 謹慎的，慎重的，審慎的

discrepancy [di?skrep?nsi] n. 不符合（之處），不一致（之處）

discriminate [di?skrimineit] v. ①區(qū)別，辨別，區(qū)分

②有差別地對待，歧視

discuss [dis?k?s] vt. 討論，商討

【長難例句】In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning."在5月17日的會議上所討論的這份建議書的序言草案中，夏皮羅提出，專家組已經(jīng)達成廣泛共識，那就是“試圖通過成人細胞核克隆來制造人類幼兒的做法在道德上是不可接受的”。

discussion [dis?k??(?)n] n. 討論，商討

【習(xí)慣用語】①beyond discussion無討論余地②come up for discussion提出討論③under discussion在討論中

disease [di?zi?z] n. 疾病

①be cured of a disease治好?、赾atch [suffer from, take] a disease患?、跠esperate diseases must have desperate cures [remedies]. ［諺］猛藥起沉疴；在非常情況下必須采取非常手段。

【詞義辨析】disease, illness和sickness

disease：意為“病，疾病”，通常用于指具體的“疾病”，如傳播染病、精神病、（植物）病害，也廣泛地指急性、慢性、輕、重、長期的或短期的疾病等。illness：意為“病”，是一個通俗詞，可與sickness通用，但稍正式?，F(xiàn)在很少指具體的疾病，通常只表示抽象的疾病或生病狀態(tài)，從體弱多病到精神疾病等。sickness：同樣意為“病”，最不正式，除特指嘔吐外，常與illness通用，這時帶有一定的感情色彩，暗示更嚴重，更急。

disgrace [dis?ɡreis] n. ①失寵，丟臉

②丟臉的人（事）

③玷辱

disguise [dis?ɡaiz] n./v. 偽裝，隱瞞

in disguise喬扮的；偽裝的；掩蓋著His illness became a blessing in disguise, when he married his nurse．他可說是因病得福，他后來娶了他的護士。

disgust [dis?ɡ?st] v./vt. （使）厭惡

dismay [dis?mei] n. ①灰心②驚愕

vt. ①使沮喪

②使驚愕

dismiss [dis?mis] vt. ①免職，解雇；解散；不考慮

②不理會；自心中摒除；不考慮

A good few people dismiss the idea as sheer nonsense．不少人認為這種想法是胡說八道。

③［法］駁回；對……不受理

to dismiss his appeal駁回他的上訴

The case against Robert Jones was______for lack of evidence.

A. refused

B. dismissed

C. eliminated

D. discarded

【答案】B. dismiss vt. （因認為不重要或證據(jù)不足而）不再考慮，（法官）停審；打消（想法），不談?wù)?；免……的職，解雇，開除；解散，遣散（如He dismissed the story as mere rumour. He dismissed the idea as unimportant. He dismissed the matter from his mind. Papa dismissed the suggestion with a shake of his head. dismiss sb from his job; The teacher dismissed the class.）。refuse vt. 拒絕。eliminate vt. 消滅，消除，排除（eliminate poverty; eliminate error from the tapescript; eliminate most of the runners in the heats）。 discard vt. 丟棄，拋棄（無用的東西）。

disorder [dis???d?(r)] n. 混亂；騷亂；小病，失調(diào)

【習(xí)慣用語】①in disorder混亂，紊亂②fall into disorder陷入混亂③throw… into disorder 使……混亂，把……卷入動亂

disperse [di?sp??s] vt. 使分散，解散，驅(qū)散，消散，散開

【詞義辨析】scatter, disperse和spread

這組詞都有“分散，散布”之意。scatter：意為“散布，散開”，可指運用武力、暴力或其他力量使人或物雜亂地朝各方向散開；也可指用武力使人或物雜亂地朝各方向散開；也可指投擲、拋灑、使物體散開、四處墜落，也可用于抽象事物。disperse：意為“驅(qū)散，散開”，與scatter相比，表示使人或物分散得更廣、更為徹底，以至于群體或整體完全分開。spread：意為“展開，伸開，傳播”，普通用詞，意思是指讓某些具體形中抽象的東西（知識、疾病、謠言等）散開、傳開，也指人或事物的舒展。

displace [dis?pleis] vt. ①使錯位②轉(zhuǎn)移

③取代

display [di?splei] vt. 陳列，展覽，顯示

n. 陳列，展覽，顯示

顯示，顯示器

disposal [di?sp?uz(?)l] n. 處理，處置，布置，安排，配置，支配

dispose [disp?uz] v. 處理，處置，部署

vt. 布置，安排，除去，使愿意

dispute [dis?pju?t] v. ①爭論，辯論

②抵抗；阻止

to dispute a landing by the enemy抵抗敵人的登陸

n. 爭論，辯駁；爭端

【習(xí)慣用語】①in dispute with與……爭論；與……有爭議②under dispute在爭論中；在辯論中（＝in dispute）

【長難例句】Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, those manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia．幾乎沒有人會反對這個稱號（反科學(xué)）用于仇視現(xiàn)代工業(yè)文明的恐怖主義者（發(fā)表于1995年的宣言），表達了對科學(xué)的嘲弄和對回歸前技術(shù)時代烏托邦社會的向往。

【試題精練】There were many religious______in England during the 17th century.

A. arguments

B. discussions

C. disputes

D. differences

【答案】C. dispute (over/about) n. （對重大政治問題等的）爭論，爭端，爭吵（a dispute over/about capital punishment；be in/under dispute在爭議中的；in dispute with與……有爭議；be beyond/past [all] dispute無可爭議，不容爭議）。argument n. 爭論，爭辯；理由，論據(jù)（爭論的目的在于說服對方接受自己的觀點）。discussion (of/about)n. 討論。difference n. 不同；差異；分歧。

disregard [?disri?ɡɑ?d] n. 漠視，不顧 vt. ①不理，不顧②忽視，忽略，忘卻

disrupt [dis?r?pt] vt. 使混亂，使崩潰，使分裂，使瓦解

【同】be mixed up, blow up, break up, collapse, confuse, crash, crumple, divide, disintegrate, disorganize, fall apart, go to pieces, split, overthrow

dissipate [?disipeit] vi. 消散，消失 vt. ①使消散，使消失②浪費，揮霍

dissolve [di?z?lv] v. ①溶解，（使）融化；解散

②衰減；衰退；消失

His strength dissolved．他的體力減退。

③（常與into連用）不能自已；失控；被感動to dissolve in tears感動得不禁流淚

【習(xí)慣用語】①dissolve away溶解掉②dissolve in溶解入③dissolve into溶解［消失］到……中，溶（解，化）成

distance [?dist?ns] n. 距離；遠處

①at a distance相距，相隔②go the distance賽到底③keep ones distance保持一定距離

【長難例句】They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations much smaller．像人一樣，電腦也按“代”來劃分，而且代與代之間的間距越來越小。

distant [?dist(?)nt] a. ①遠離的，久遠的

②來自遠方的，向遠方去的

a distant journey遙遠的路程

③疏遠的，關(guān)系不近的

distant relations遠親

【習(xí)慣用語】be distant towards sb對某人冷淡

distill [dis?til] vt. ①蒸餾，用蒸餾法提?、谖。釤?/strong>