初中英語短語歸納解析(二十一)
1. fill/ full
Ⅰ.fill為及物動詞,表“使……滿”,常與介詞with搭配,表達(dá)“被……充滿”時用be filled with結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
① The bottle is filled with water. 這只瓶子裝滿了水。
② He was filled with joy at the news. 聽到這個消息,他內(nèi)心充滿了喜悅。
Ⅱ.full是形容詞,多作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài),常見于be full of 結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
① The schoolbag is full of books. 書包里裝滿了書。
② He drew in an old badsket full of sand.他撈上來一個灌滿泥沙的舊籃子。
[注]:be filled with = be full of .可以互換。但介詞with與of 不能混淆。如:
The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people.
2. final/ last
Ⅰ.final表終止或結(jié)束之意,有時帶有決定性或結(jié)論性等意味。如:
① Today is the final day of this term. 今天是本學(xué)期的最后一天。
② We shall know the final results of the elections tomorrow. 明天我們將知道選舉的最后結(jié)果。
Ⅱ.last “最后的、末尾的”指按次序的前后或時間的先后居于最后,并意味著后面不再有了。如:
① My house stands in the last row.
② He was the last one to enter.
3. finally/ at last/ in the end
這三個都可以作“最后”講,但用法不同。
Ⅰ.finally表動作的發(fā)生順序是在“最后”,無感情色彩,只用于過去時,它居句首時較多。
Ⅱ.at last 表經(jīng)過一定曲折之后某事才發(fā)生,強(qiáng)調(diào)努力的結(jié)果,帶有較強(qiáng)的感情色彩,須用一般過去時。
Ⅲ.in the end 表事物發(fā)展的自然順序的“終結(jié)”,有時或與 finally相互替換,但用于對將來的預(yù)測,則只能用in the end。如:
① Did the man in the shop understand him at last?
② Finally he went to see the famous man himself.
③ I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.
4. famous as / famous for
Ⅰ. (be) famous as “以(某種身份)……出名(著名)”as后跟人賓語往往與主語同位。如:
① She is famous as a poet. 他以一名詩人而著名。
② The town is famous as a car-making place. 該城鎮(zhèn)以制造汽車而聞名。
Ⅱ. (be) famouse for “困……而聞名(馳名)”表示由于某種特征而出名,for后的賓語一般為主語人從屬內(nèi)容。如:
① China has been famous for its silk. 中國素以絲綢聞名。
② This city is famous for its big gambling resort. 該市因其大賭場而馳名。
5. fix/ mend/ repair
Ⅰ. 這三個詞都可譯為“修理”,但fix 一詞在美語中應(yīng)用更廣泛。fix 和repair 一樣,都表示使受到一定損壞或失靈的東西恢復(fù)其性狀或機(jī)能,如“修理、安裝”鐘表、收音機(jī)、照相機(jī)、電視機(jī)、汽車和機(jī)床等大型物體。repair 還可以用于修筑堤壩、道路和建筑等。如:

Ⅱ mend 一般用于“修補(bǔ)”破損的東西使其恢復(fù)原樣,一般指較小之物。如衣服、鞋襪、傘和桌椅等。如:

6. foolish/ silly / stupid
Ⅰ.foolish 的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,指顯得缺乏判斷力或普通常識的人或言行等。如:
① How foolish of you to condent!你竟會同意,多么愚蠢?。?/p>
② Don’t be so foolish. 別那么傻。
③ He is a foolish man to throw away such a chance. 他放棄這樣的機(jī)會真是個傻瓜。
Ⅱ.silly的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,表示愚蠢到了極點(diǎn),以致令人發(fā)笑或輕視,它還常常表示沒有意思、無聊等意義。如:
① How silly of you to do that! 你竟做那件事,多么愚蠢啊!
② That is a silly story. 那是一個無聊的故事。
Ⅲ.stupid的意思是“愚蠢的、笨的”,指智力差,覺察理解力、學(xué)習(xí)能力等差。它有時可與foolish或silly通用,但其意味最強(qiáng)。如:
① He is a stupid person. 他是個蠢人。
② How stupid of him to overlook such an obvious mistake. 如此明顯的錯誤他居然都沒有看出來,多么愚蠢呀!
7. for short/ short for
Ⅰ.for short意為“簡稱”、“縮寫”,是介詞詞組,常用作狀語,如:
① The teacher told Tom to write the text for short. 老師要湯姆縮寫課文。
Ⅱ.short for意為“是。。。 。。。的縮寫”與be 動詞連用,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語,如:
① “There’re” is short for “there are”.
8. from now on/ from then on
from now on“從現(xiàn)在起”,是以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)延續(xù)下去,謂語通常用將來時態(tài)。from then on“從那時起”,是以過去為起點(diǎn)延續(xù)下來,謂語通常用過去時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。如:
① She is going to live with you from now on. 從現(xiàn)在起我將刻苦學(xué)習(xí)。
② From then on, he hasn’t seen his uncle again. 從那以后他再也沒有看見他叔叔了。
9. game/ match/ race/ sport
Ⅰ. game 主要指決定勝負(fù)的游戲,通常有一套規(guī)則,凡參加者均須遵守。如:
① After a game on the wports field they often become good friends. 他們在運(yùn)動場上進(jìn)行一場比賽之后,常常變成了好朋友。
[注]:說“比賽”, 在英國通常用match,在美國通常用game.另外game 的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般指大型的國際比賽或綜合性體育運(yùn)動會。如:the Olympic Games 奧林匹克運(yùn)動會。
Ⅱ.match 表示相互間正式的體育比賽、球類比賽,英國人常用。
① They are going to have a volleyball match.他們將進(jìn)行一場排球賽。
Ⅲ. race 主要用于賽跑、賽車等速度比賽。如:
① Who can win the relay race, Class 3 or Class 4?誰能贏這場接力賽,三班還是四班?
Ⅳ. sport 多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動,如打球,跳高,游泳,釣魚,打獵,賽馬和拳術(shù)等。如:
① Swimming is his favourite sport.游泳是他最喜歡的運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目。
② Skating is one of the winter sports. 滑冰是一個冬季運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目。
[注]復(fù)數(shù)形式sports可指運(yùn)動會。如:
③ He created a new record in high-jump at our school sports.在我們學(xué)校的運(yùn)動會上,他創(chuàng)造了跳高新紀(jì)錄。
10. gift/ present
Ⅰ.gift“禮物”指較正式的禮物。如:
The watch was a gift from his father.
Ⅱ.present往往與gift通用,但不如gift正式。如:
① I’m buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely. 我買這東西是作禮物送人的,請你包扎得好一點(diǎn)。
② He gave me the book as a present. 他給我這本書作為禮物。
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