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主謂一致是指主語和謂語必須保持人稱和數(shù)的變化一致，即句中謂語的變化形式由句子主語的人稱和數(shù)的形式?jīng)Q定。主謂一致通常遵循三個原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則。

語法一致

語法一致是指主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

考點一：一般情況下，主語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞、不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

考點二：動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

考點三：復(fù)合不定代詞anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

注意：

1. “neither of / none of + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 / 代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可。

2. either指“兩者之中任何一個”，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?！癳ither of +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 / 代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可。

3. each作同位語時，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于主語的數(shù)；“each of+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 / 代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

考點四：當(dāng)用both ... and ... 連接并列主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)and連接的兩個名詞表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)表示同一人、同一物或同一個概念，或表示不可分的整體時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。

考點五：當(dāng)主語后面跟有with, except, including, along with, together with, as well as, in addition to等詞語引導(dǎo)的短語時，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。

【考例鏈接】

Ⅰ. 單項選擇

( )1. —______ there anything new in todays Qianzhong Morning Daily?

—No. But there ______ some inspiring stories worth reading.

A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; are D. Are; is

( )2. We all know that one of the worlds most popular sports ______ football.

A. am B. is C. are

( )3. Listen! The little girl ______ singing in the room.

A. 不填 B. are C. is

( )4. Mary ______ is my friend, as well as her sisters, ______ Chinese in China.

A. that; are studying B. which; have studied C. who; study D. who; studies

( )5. Everybody except Mike and Linda ______ there when the meeting began.

A. are B. was C. were

( )6. Playing computer games too much ______ bad for students health.

A. am B. is C. are

Ⅱ. 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1. My mother with her friends often _______(go) shopping on weekends.

2. Each of these exercises _______(take) one or two minutes to do every day.

3. She likes nobody and nobody _______(like) her.

4. Both he and his wife _______(enjoy) tennis.

5. —What would you like, orange juice or apple juice?

—Either _______(be) OK. I dont mind.

考點六：

一些由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如shoe, glove, trouser, scissor, chopstick等。但如果這些名詞前有量詞如pair等修飾時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與量詞保持一致。

考點七：

1. “a (large / small) number of + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 / 代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 / 代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

2. “分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of + 名詞”和“the rest / most of +名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)由名詞決定。

【考例鏈接】

Ⅰ. 單項選擇

( )1. The number of people in the city ______ about seven million now.

A. are B. has C. is

( )2. A number of visitors ______ visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors ______ increasing.

A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are

Ⅱ. 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1. Toms gloves ______(be) getting old. I think a pair of gloves ______(be) a nice present for him.

2. The two pairs of shoes _______(be) on sale. I will take them.

3. Toby had 100 yuan. He spent 50 yuan on food. The rest _______(be) spent on books.

4. Two thirds of the land in my garden _______(be) no good for growing potatoes.

5. The number of women in my office _______(be) 20 and only 5% of them _______(return) to work after having a baby.

意義一致

意義一致是指謂語動詞和主語的一致不是取決于主語的語法形式，而是由其意義所決定。

考點一：當(dāng)數(shù)詞作主語或當(dāng)表示距離、金額、時間等名詞(短語)作主語時，通常作為整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

考點二：有些集體名詞常指復(fù)數(shù)的人或物，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如police；有些集體名詞作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果指集體中的成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如family, class, team, group, crowd等；當(dāng)population意為“人口數(shù)量”時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；意為“全體居民”時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可。

考點三：以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞如news, physics, maths, politics等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

考點四：

1. “the + 形容詞”表示一類人作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類詞有the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等。

2. “the + 姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示某一家人或夫婦兩人，其作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

【考例鏈接】

用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1. Look! The Smiths _______(eat) dinner in the kitchen.

2. 500 yuan _______(be) enough for me to buy a good bike.

3. Two months _______(be) a long time. We can visit our grandparents during those days.

4. The good news _______(be) that tomorrow will be sunny.

5. Physics _______(have) made much progress in this century.

6. Police _______(be) asking for the publics help with information about a lost boy now.

7. The population of this city _______(be) 350, 000.

8. Five kilometers _______(be) not long. I run even eight kilometers every morning.

9. It seems that the rich _______(be) getting richer and the poor _______(be) getting poorer.

10. My class _______(be) rather noisy this morning.

就近一致

就近一致是指謂語動詞的數(shù)要與其最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

考點一：以or, not only ... but also ..., either ... or ..., neither ... nor ... 等連接的名詞(或代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞要和離它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

考點二：在there be 句型中，如果有兩個或兩個以上的主語時，主語與謂語的一致通常遵循就近一致原則。

【考例鏈接】

Ⅰ. 單項選擇

( )1. Neither Jim nor Tom ______ Australia before, but they know the country very well.

A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to

( )2. Not only my parents but also my sister ______ crazy about the TV play In the Name of People.

A. is B. are C. have been

( )3. —Do you enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou?

—Of course. Not only I but also my parents ______ his fans.

A. am B. are C. was D. were

Ⅱ. 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1. There _______(be) two glasses of milk and an egg on the table.

2. There _______(be) tea or coffee — you can have either.

責(zé)編 | 楊寧

審稿 | 李棟

校稿 | 呂放

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