中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)24節(jié)氣，每個(gè)季節(jié)各占6個(gè)節(jié)氣。

The 24 traditional Chinese solar terms

中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)24節(jié)氣

春天有6個(gè)節(jié)氣分別是：立春、雨水、驚蟄、春分、清明、谷雨，如何用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)？

一、立春

the Beginning of Spring丨1th Solar Terms

立春節(jié)的到來(lái)意味著嚴(yán)冬的結(jié)束。此時(shí)柳萌黃枝，水泛新綠，萬(wàn)物生長(zhǎng)的春季已經(jīng)到來(lái)。

立春節(jié)后，植物轉(zhuǎn)綠，煥發(fā)勃勃生機(jī)。人們可以清楚地注意到白天的時(shí)間變得更長(zhǎng)，天氣也愈發(fā)溫暖了。

After that everything turns green and becomes full of vigor. People clearly can notice that daytime becomes longer and the weather gets warmer.

春曉

——孟浩然

春眠不覺(jué)曉，

處處聞啼鳥(niǎo)。

夜來(lái)風(fēng)雨聲，

花落知多少。

A Spring Morning

— Tr.許淵沖

This spring morning in bed I’m lying,

Not to awake till birds are crying.

After one night of wind and showers,

How many are the fallen flowers!

二、雨水

好雨知時(shí)節(jié)，當(dāng)春乃發(fā)生

Rain Water丨2th Solar Terms

雨水是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)二十四節(jié)氣（the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms）中的第二個(gè)節(jié)氣。

“雨水”標(biāo)志著降雨量的增多和氣溫的回升。雨水節(jié)氣來(lái)臨之際，盛春之景開(kāi)始勃發(fā)：河水解凍，大雁北歸，草木轉(zhuǎn)綠。

Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, lively spring-like scenery starts blossoming: the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again.

關(guān)于雨水節(jié)氣的小知識(shí)

01.春雨貴如油

春雨對(duì)農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng)極為重要，中國(guó)古代諺語(yǔ)中也有“春雨貴如油”的說(shuō)法。

在北方地區(qū)，“春旱”是常見(jiàn)的。春季的降水量只占年平均降水量的10%-15%。因此，隨著天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖，降雨增多，雨水節(jié)氣就被視為灌溉農(nóng)田的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。

In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall. Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period for irrigation when the day gets warmer and rainfall increases.

02.倒春寒

倒春寒：return of cold spell

晚春時(shí)期常出現(xiàn)倒春寒現(xiàn)象，在此階段要格外注意保暖。

三、驚蟄

蟄，是指動(dòng)物入冬蟄伏土中的冬眠狀態(tài)。驚蟄，即天上的雷聲驚醒了沉睡的萬(wàn)物，所以驚蟄的英文表達(dá)為 Awakening of Insects

Awakening of Insects丨3th Solar Terms

中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)歷將一年分為24個(gè)節(jié)氣。今年的驚蟄是在3月5日。

The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Awakening of Insects (Chinese:驚蟄) falls on Mar 5 this year.

驚蟄氣還有哪些文化習(xí)俗呢？

01.祭白虎

Offering sacrifices to the white tiger

祭白虎，就是畫(huà)一只白虎在紙上，再在它的嘴上涂豬血或者豬油，意思是讓它吃飽后不再咬人，避免壞運(yùn)氣和是非矛盾。

When practicing this old custom, people draw the white tiger on paper, and then smear pigs blood and pork on its mouth. This means the tiger is fed so that it would not bite people, avoiding bad luck and conflict.

02.打“小人”

Beating "villains"

人們經(jīng)常指派特定的“女巫”（通常是一位老年婦女）去“打小人”。他們用剪出人形的剪紙，代表生活中的“小人”，“女巫”會(huì)用鞋子或其他工具去打“紙小人”，驅(qū)逐厄運(yùn)。

People often assign a specific “witch”(usually an elderly woman) to "beat the villains". They use paper cut in the shape of humans to represent "villains" in their lives and the "witch" would use shoes or other tools to hit the paper to expel bad luck.

四、春分

春分的“分”有兩個(gè)含義，一個(gè)是“晝夜平分”，在春分這天，太陽(yáng)直射赤道，晝夜等長(zhǎng)。

The Spring Equinox丨4th Solar Terms

“二分”之一的春分，最早的春秋時(shí)代的《呂氏春秋·十二月記》已有記載：分就是一半的意思。

The Spring Equinox is one of "two equinox", the earliest recorded by《Mister Lvs Spring and Autumn Annals》in the Spring and Autumn period：Equinox means half.

春分節(jié)氣還有哪些文化習(xí)俗呢？

01.燕歸來(lái)

如古話(huà)所言，燕子會(huì)在“一候”的時(shí)候飛回北方；滾滾春雷則發(fā)生在“二候”；到了“三候”，閃電會(huì)頻繁出現(xiàn)。這種劃分揭示了春分的氣候特點(diǎn)。

As the old saying goes, swallows fly back to the North in the first hou; thunder cracks the sky in the second hou; lightning occurs frequently in the third hou, which vividly reveals the climate feature during the Spring Equinox.

02.立雞蛋

人們認(rèn)為，如果有人能將雞蛋豎立起來(lái)，他將會(huì)在未來(lái)交好運(yùn)。也有些人認(rèn)為，春分當(dāng)日是玩這個(gè)游戲的最佳時(shí)機(jī)，因?yàn)樵谶@天，地球的地軸與地球繞太陽(yáng)公轉(zhuǎn)的軌道平面處于一種相對(duì)平衡狀態(tài)，這使得雞蛋更容易被立起來(lái)。

It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future. Some believe that the Spring Equinox is the best time to practice this game because on this day the axis of the earth is relatively balanced against the orbital plane of the earth’s rotation around the sun, which makes it easier to erect an egg.

五、清明

Pure Brightness丨5th Solar Terms

還有一種說(shuō)法：因“清”“明”二字皆為描述天氣的詞語(yǔ)，所以“清明”的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)為Clear and Bright。

清明在節(jié)氣上代表天清地明的意義。清明是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)歷法二十四節(jié)氣中第五個(gè)節(jié)氣，也是二十四節(jié)氣中唯一演變成節(jié)日的節(jié)氣。

On the solar term, Pure brightness represents the meaning of the nurture clean and bright. Pure brightness is the fifth solar term in the traditional Chinese calendar and the only one that has become a festival.

清明有哪些習(xí)俗呢？

01.清明祭祖：worshiping ancestors

掃墓和獻(xiàn)上供品對(duì)逝者表示敬意，是兩種紀(jì)念逝去親友的重要習(xí)俗。為表示對(duì)逝者的關(guān)懷，墓邊的雜草被清除并蓋上新鮮的土壤。逝者最喜歡的食物、酒和筷子連同紙錢(qián)一起被供奉在墓邊。

Cleaning the tombs and paying respect to the dead with offerings are the two important practices to remember late relatives. Weeds around the tomb are cleared away and fresh soil is added to show care for the dead. The dead persons favorite food, wine and chopsticks are offered on their tombs, along with paper money.

02.寒食節(jié)：Cold Food Festival

唐代詩(shī)人沈佺期在《寒食》一詩(shī)中寫(xiě)道：“普天皆滅焰，匝地盡藏?zé)??！弊x罷頓覺(jué)清冷之氣撲面而來(lái)。

相傳寒食節(jié)是“春秋五霸”之一的晉文公為紀(jì)念忠臣介子推而設(shè)立的。

03.春游

清明踏青不遠(yuǎn)行

The tomb-sweeping day for an outing

04.放風(fēng)箏

古代稱(chēng)“紙鳶”《韓非子》中有記載，距今兩千多年。

Kite flying, called the ancient 《Han Feizi 》 records paper kite, more than 2,000 years ago.

《清明》

(唐)杜牧

清明時(shí)節(jié)雨紛紛，

路上行人欲斷魂。

借問(wèn)酒家何處有？

牧童遙指杏花村。

A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;

The mourners heart is going to break on his way.

Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?

A cowherd points to a cot mid apricot flowers.

(許淵沖譯)

六、谷雨，又是一年春盡時(shí)

這是24節(jié)氣中的第6個(gè)節(jié)氣，也是春季最后一個(gè)節(jié)氣。

Grain Rain丨6th Solar Terms

雨生百谷，潤(rùn)物無(wú)聲。至此，春漸遠(yuǎn)，夏將至，萬(wàn)物一片生機(jī)。

谷雨是第六個(gè)節(jié)氣，也是春季最后一個(gè)節(jié)氣。

Grain Rain is the sixth solar term and the last one in spring.

意義：這時(shí)田中的秋苗初插，作物的種子，最需要充足的雨水來(lái)灌溉。

Meaning: At this time the autumn seeds are sown in the fields，it most needs adequate rainfall to irrigate.

谷雨分三候：

Grain rain is divided into three times

初候浮萍開(kāi)始生長(zhǎng)，水溫升高，浮萍在水面上郁郁生長(zhǎng)。

First time ，the water starts to warm up and duckweed begins to grow.

二候斑鳩出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)榘啉F是遷徙性動(dòng)物，寒冷的冬天一過(guò)去斑鳩就飛到相對(duì)溫暖的地方來(lái)了。

Second time ，turtledoves appear because they are migratory animals and fly to warmer climes as soon as the cold winter is over.

三候戴勝鳥(niǎo)降落到生長(zhǎng)茂盛的桑樹(shù)上，因?yàn)楣扔陼r(shí)節(jié)桑樹(shù)正是生長(zhǎng)旺盛之際。

Third time,the hoopoe landed on the lush mulberry , which was thriving during the Grain Rain.